quantum phase transitions
Quantum phase transitions are fundamental changes in a material's state that occur at absolute zero temperature due to quantum mechanical effects, rather than thermal energy. Unlike classical phase transitions, like ice melting into water, these transitions are driven by changes in parameters such as pressure or magnetic field. As these parameters are adjusted, the system can shift from one phase to another—for example, from a magnetic state to a non-magnetic state—without involving heat. This fascinating behavior highlights the role of quantum mechanics in shaping the properties of materials at the atomic level.
Additional Insights
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Quantum phase transitions occur in materials at absolute zero temperature, where changes in quantum properties, rather than thermal energy, drive transitions between different states of matter. Unlike classical phase transitions, such as water freezing into ice, these transitions result from changes in parameters like pressure or magnetic field. As a system's properties are altered, it can undergo a fundamental change in behavior or structure. This phenomenon is significant in understanding complex materials and quantum materials, influencing fields like condensed matter physics and potentially leading to new technologies such as quantum computing.