Universality Class

A universality class refers to a grouping of physical systems that exhibit similar behavior and properties under specific conditions, despite differences in their details. For example, many materials undergo phase transitions (like water freezing) and exhibit similar patterns near those transitions, regardless of their chemical composition. This concept is crucial in fields like physics and mathematics, as it helps scientists understand complex phenomena by identifying common features, enabling predictions about how different systems will behave when they share key characteristics such as temperature or pressure.