Ising model

The Ising model is a mathematical framework used to understand how tiny magnetic regions, called spins, interact within a material. Each spin can point up or down, representing magnetic moments. These spins tend to align with their neighbors due to interactions, leading to larger magnetic regions or disorder depending on temperature. The model helps scientists study phase transitions—like how a magnet becomes demagnetized—and phenomena in complex systems such as neural networks or social behavior. It simplifies real materials into a grid of elements, making it easier to analyze collective behaviors emerging from simple local rules.