spin models

Spin models are mathematical frameworks used to describe the behavior of magnetic materials at a microscopic level. In these models, particles (like atoms) are represented as spins, which can be thought of as tiny magnets that can point either up or down. The interactions between these spins determine the overall properties of the material, such as magnetism. Researchers use spin models to study phase transitions, like when a material changes from non-magnetic to magnetic. These concepts also have applications in various fields, including statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, and even information theory.