Theory of Phase Transitions

The theory of phase transitions describes how materials change from one state (or phase) to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. This transition occurs due to changes in temperature or pressure that affect the energy and arrangement of particles. For example, heating ice causes it to melt into water as its particles gain energy and move more freely. Understanding these transitions helps explain various natural and industrial processes, from the behavior of water to the functioning of materials in technology, and is essential in fields like physics, chemistry, and materials science.