Cooper pairs

Cooper pairs are pairs of electrons that form in certain materials at very low temperatures. Normally, electrons repel each other because they have like charges. However, in a superconductor, as electrons move through the material, they interact with vibrations in the material's structure (called phonons). This interaction causes two electrons to indirectly attract each other, pairing up. These pairs move through the material without resistance, allowing electricity to flow perfectly efficiently. The formation of Cooper pairs is fundamental to the phenomenon of superconductivity, enabling zero electrical resistance and perfect conductivity.