BCS theory (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory)

BCS Theory, developed by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer in 1957, describes how some materials can conduct electricity without resistance at very low temperatures, a phenomenon known as superconductivity. It explains that electrons form pairs, called Cooper pairs, due to attractive interactions mediated by vibrations in the material's lattice structure. These paired electrons move through the lattice without scattering, allowing for frictionless electrical flow. BCS Theory successfully helps us understand and predict the conditions under which superconductivity occurs, contributing to advancements in technology and materials science.