gap equation

The gap equation is a mathematical formula used in physics, especially in studying materials like superconductors. It describes how particles, such as electrons, pair up and create a gap in energy levels, which is essential for phenomena like superconductivity—where materials conduct electricity without resistance. The equation helps scientists understand how these pairs form and how properties like temperature affect this process. Essentially, it relates the energy gap to other factors in the system, providing insight into the conditions needed for materials to exhibit such unique behaviors.