Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Theory

The Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory explains how superconductivity occurs, where certain materials can conduct electricity without resistance at very low temperatures. According to BCS theory, electrons in these materials can form pairs, known as Cooper pairs, which move through the lattice of the material without scattering. These pairs condense into a collective ground state that allows them to flow freely. The theory highlights the role of lattice vibrations (phonons) in facilitating these pairs, fundamentally changing our understanding of electrical conductivity and leading to advancements in technology like MRI machines and maglev trains.