Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory

Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Theory explains how certain materials become superconductors, which means they can conduct electricity without resistance at very low temperatures. The theory posits that electrons in these materials form pairs, known as Cooper pairs, due to attractive interactions mediated by vibrations in the material’s lattice structure. These paired electrons move through the material without scattering off impurities or defects, allowing for the lossless flow of electricity. BCS Theory fundamentally advanced our understanding of superconductivity and has important implications for technology, including power transmission and magnetic levitation.