phase diagram

A phase diagram is a visual representation that shows the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) of a substance based on temperature and pressure. It illustrates how a substance transitions between these states; for example, heating ice can turn it into water and then into steam. The diagram includes boundaries, called phase lines, which indicate the conditions under which these changes occur. Understanding a phase diagram helps scientists predict how materials will behave under various environmental conditions, which is important in fields like chemistry, geology, and engineering.