Bose-Einstein condensation

Bose-Einstein condensation is a phenomenon that occurs at very low temperatures, close to absolute zero. In this state, a group of atoms, typically bosons, behaves as a single quantum entity rather than as individual particles. As the temperature drops, the particles lose energy and begin to occupy the same lowest energy level, leading to a unique state of matter. This results in properties that differ from solids, liquids, or gases, such as superfluidity, where the substance can flow without viscosity. The concept is named after physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein, who predicted its existence in the 1920s.