superfluid phase transition

A superfluid phase transition occurs when a substance, usually a gas or liquid, cools down to extremely low temperatures, near absolute zero. In this state, it transitions into a superfluid, which flows without viscosity, allowing it to move freely and smoothly without losing energy. This extraordinary behavior results from the particles within the fluid behaving collectively, akin to a single entity, rather than as individual particles. The phenomenon is significant in fields like condensed matter physics and sheds light on quantum mechanics, showcasing the unique properties of matter under extreme conditions.