Dicke model

The Dicke model describes how a group of atoms or particles interact collectively with a shared electromagnetic field, such as light inside a cavity. When the interaction strength reaches a certain threshold, these particles can spontaneously align and emit light coherently, leading to a phase transition similar to how magnets become magnetized. This phenomenon highlights collective quantum behavior and is important in understanding light-matter interactions, quantum optics, and potential applications like quantum computing and advanced lasers. Essentially, it explains how many particles can work together to produce synchronized, intense light under specific conditions.