Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is a complex network involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands that helps regulate our body's response to stress. When we encounter stress, the hypothalamus releases a hormone that signals the pituitary gland to produce another hormone, which then prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol, often called the "stress hormone." This process helps control various bodily functions, including metabolism and immune response, and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Dysregulation of the HPA axis can lead to various health issues, including anxiety, depression, and other stress-related disorders.