Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) Axis

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis is a complex system that regulates thyroid hormone production, crucial for metabolism and energy in the body. It begins in the hypothalamus, which releases Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH). This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones like thyroxine (T4). These thyroid hormones influence various bodily functions, including growth, energy levels, and temperature regulation. The HPT axis operates through feedback loops, ensuring hormone levels remain balanced to meet the body's needs.