Expectancy Theory

Expectancy theory explains how individuals make decisions based on their expectations of outcomes. It suggests that people are motivated to act in a certain way if they believe their efforts will lead to desirable results. The theory involves three key components: expectancy (the belief that effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (the belief that performance will lead to rewards), and valence (the value placed on the rewards). Essentially, if someone believes that their hard work will be successful and that success will lead to meaningful rewards, they are more likely to be motivated to pursue that effort.