Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Vroom's Expectancy Theory posits that individuals are motivated to act based on their expectations of the outcomes of their efforts. It suggests that people are more likely to strive for a goal if they believe they can achieve it (expectancy), that their effort will lead to desired performance (instrumentality), and that this performance will result in valuable rewards (valence). Essentially, motivation is driven by a combination of belief in one’s capabilities, the link between effort and performance, and the perceived value of the outcomes.