Vroom's Expectancy Theory Model

Vroom's Expectancy Theory suggests that people are motivated to act based on their expectations of the outcome. Essentially, individuals will put in effort if they believe their actions will lead to desired results and that those results are valuable to them. Motivation depends on three key factors: expectancy (belief that effort will lead to good performance), instrumentality (belief that good performance will result in a reward), and valence (how much the individual values the reward). When all these factors align positively, a person is more likely to be motivated to achieve the goal.