E3 ligases

E3 ligases are proteins that play a crucial role in a cellular process called ubiquitination. They help tag other proteins with a small molecule called ubiquitin, which signals those proteins for degradation or alters their function. Think of E3 ligases as quality control managers in a factory: they identify which workers (proteins) need to be removed or fixed. This process is vital for maintaining healthy cell function, regulating the lifespan of proteins, and responding to stress. Dysfunction in E3 ligases can lead to various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.