Cardiac Physiology

Cardiac physiology refers to how the heart functions to pump blood throughout the body. The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. It works through a cycle of contraction and relaxation, driven by electrical signals that initiate heartbeat. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the left atrium, moves to the left ventricle, and is pumped to the body. Blood returning from the body enters the right atrium, goes to the right ventricle, and is sent to the lungs for oxygenation. This continuous cycle ensures that organs receive the oxygen and nutrients they need to function properly.