biofilm formation

Biofilm formation is a process where groups of microorganisms, such as bacteria, adhere to surfaces and produce a protective layer of substances, creating a slimy film. This film helps them survive in different environments, making them harder to remove and more resistant to antibiotics. Biofilms can form on various surfaces, including natural settings like rivers and man-made ones like pipes and medical devices. Their formation can lead to issues, such as persistent infections or buildup in plumbing, but they also play a role in natural processes, like nutrient cycling in ecosystems.