Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)

Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) are complex mixtures of natural polymers produced by microorganisms such as bacteria. These substances form a slimy, glue-like matrix that helps bacteria stick together and attach to surfaces, creating biofilms. EPS protect the microorganisms from environmental stresses, retain water, and trap nutrients, enabling the community to survive and thrive in diverse environments. Common components include polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. EPS play essential roles in natural ecosystems, industrial processes, and medical contexts, such as in the formation of dental plaque or biofouling on equipment.