Marine Biofilm

Marine biofilm is a slimy layer composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi that attach to submerged surfaces like ship hulls, rocks, and pipelines in ocean environments. These microorganisms secrete sticky substances called extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which help them adhere and create a protective, community-based matrix. Biofilms play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by fueling food chains and facilitating nutrient cycling. However, they can also cause problems, such as increasing drag on ships, leading to higher fuel costs, and promoting corrosion of submerged structures. Understanding biofilms is important for managing their impact and maintaining marine infrastructure.