biofouling

Biofouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, and animals on surfaces submerged in water, such as ship hulls, pipes, or underwater structures. This buildup occurs naturally over time as aquatic organisms attach to surfaces for protection and nourishment. Biofouling can lead to increased drag on ships, higher fuel consumption, and corrosion, as well as harboring harmful microbes. To prevent these issues, industries often use specialized coatings or cleaning methods to control biofouling and maintain the efficiency and safety of water-related structures.