biofilm matrix

A biofilm matrix is a slimy, protective layer formed by communities of microorganisms like bacteria. These microbes secrete sticky substances called extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which help hold them together and attach to surfaces such as pipes, teeth, or skin. The matrix provides protection from external threats like antibiotics, environmental stress, and immune responses. It also creates a structured environment where microbes can share nutrients and communicate. This matrix is essential for the survival and resilience of the microbial community, making biofilms challenging to eliminate and important to understand in health and industry contexts.