transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating various processes in the body, including cell growth, immune responses, and tissue repair. It acts like a messenger, helping cells communicate about when to grow, divide, or heal. TGF-β is essential for normal development and healing, but it can also contribute to diseases like fibrosis (excessive scar tissue formation) and cancer when its signaling goes awry. Overall, it helps maintain balance in many biological functions but can have negative effects if not properly controlled.