signaling pathways

Signaling pathways are systems within cells that help them communicate and respond to changes in their environment. Think of them as a series of relays or messages. When a cell receives a signal—like a hormone or a nutrient—it activates specific molecules inside, which then pass the signal along in a coordinated manner. This process can influence how the cell behaves, such as growing, dividing, or even dying. Proper functioning of these pathways is crucial for health, while disruptions can lead to diseases like cancer and diabetes.