TGF-β superfamily

The TGF-β superfamily is a large group of proteins that help regulate many processes in the body, such as cell growth, development, and healing. They act as signaling molecules, telling cells how to behave, when to divide, or when to change. This family includes several subgroups, like the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). They are crucial for tissue formation, immune responses, and maintaining balance in the body. Disruptions in these signals can lead to diseases like cancer, fibrosis, or developmental disorders.