The Histories (Thucydides)

"The Histories," written by Thucydides in the 5th century BCE, is a detailed account of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. Thucydides, an Athenian general, emphasizes the importance of factual evidence and rational analysis over myth and rhetoric. He explores themes of power, human nature, and the complexities of political life, providing insights into war’s causes and consequences. His work marked a significant shift in historical writing, focusing on critical inquiry and firsthand observation, laying the groundwork for modern historiography. Thucydides remains influential for his exploration of realpolitik and enduring human issues in governance and conflict.