Rawls' Theory of Justice

John Rawls' Theory of Justice advocates for a fair distribution of resources and opportunities in society. He proposes a thought experiment called the "original position," where individuals choose principles of justice from behind a "veil of ignorance," unaware of their own social status or personal traits. This ensures fairness, as no one would favor rules that disadvantage themselves. Rawls suggests two principles: everyone should have equal basic rights, and social and economic inequalities should benefit the least advantaged. Thus, justice is achieved when society prioritizes equitable opportunities for all, particularly for those who are most vulnerable.