Philip IV of France

Philip IV of France, also known as Philip the Fair, ruled from 1285 to 1314. He is notable for strengthening the French monarchy and centralizing power. His reign saw significant conflicts with the papacy, leading to the relocation of the papal court to Avignon. Philip is also recognized for his role in the expulsion of the Jews from France and the suppression of the Knights Templar, whom he accused of heresy. His efforts in taxation and administration laid the groundwork for modern state governance in France. Philip's reign was marked by both ambition and controversy, impacting the future of France.