Nicholas Romanov

Nicholas Romanov, also known as Tsar Nicholas II, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. He faced significant challenges, including industrial unrest and military defeats in World War I, which weakened his monarchy. Nicholas II and his family were eventually executed by Bolsheviks in 1918, marking the end of over 300 years of Romanov rule. His reign is often noted for its contrasts, including the opulence of the royal court and the widespread poverty of the Russian populace, leading to deep social and political upheaval.