Nicholas II

Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. His reign faced significant challenges, including economic hardship, political unrest, and social unrest. Despite efforts to modernize Russia, widespread dissatisfaction grew, fueled by military defeats and poor governance. These issues led to the Russian Revolution, which forced Nicholas II to step down, ending centuries of imperial rule. He and his family were later executed in 1918 by the Bolsheviks, marking the collapse of the Russian monarchy. His reign is often associated with the decline and fall of the Russian Empire.