Nicholas II's abdication

Nicholas II's abdication in 1917 occurred as Russia faced mounting political unrest, military defeats, and economic hardship during World War I. Widespread dissatisfaction with his leadership, combined with strikes and protests, eroded his authority. Recognizing the instability and unable to maintain control, Nicholas formally stepped down from the throne on March 2, 1917, ending over three centuries of Romanov rule. His abdication paved the way for the establishment of a provisional government, ultimately leading to the Russian Revolution and the rise of Soviet power.