Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, occurs when mineral and salt deposits form in the kidneys, creating hard, stone-like formations. These stones can vary in size and may cause pain, especially when they move through the urinary tract. Symptoms often include severe pain in the back or lower abdomen, blood in urine, and frequent urination. While small stones may pass on their own with fluid intake, larger stones might require medical treatment, including medication or procedures to break them down. Preventive measures include hydration and dietary adjustments to reduce stone formation.