Renal Calculi

Renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, are hard deposits that form in the kidneys from minerals and salts. They can vary in size and may stay in the kidneys or travel through the urinary tract, potentially causing severe pain, bleeding, or infection. Common types include calcium stones, struvite stones, and uric acid stones. Factors like dehydration, diet, and certain medical conditions can increase the likelihood of developing these stones. Treatment options range from increasing fluid intake to medications or procedures to break up or remove larger stones. Preventive measures often involve dietary adjustments and hydration.