History of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was a vast and influential state that lasted from the late 13th century until 1922. Founded by Osman I in present-day Turkey, it expanded across Europe, Asia, and Africa at its height, controlling key regions like the Balkans, the Middle East, and North Africa. The empire was known for its diverse cultures, religious tolerance, and advancements in art and architecture, such as the construction of the iconic Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. The empire declined in the 19th century due to internal strife and external pressures, ultimately dissolving after World War I, leading to the creation of modern Turkey.