Covalent bonds

Covalent bonds are a type of chemical bond where two atoms share pairs of electrons. This sharing allows each atom to achieve a more stable electron configuration, resembling that of noble gases. Common in nonmetal elements, covalent bonds can form single, double, or even triple bonds depending on how many pairs of electrons are shared. For example, in a water molecule (H₂O), each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom, resulting in a stable arrangement that holds the atoms together strongly. This collaboration is crucial for the formation of many essential compounds in nature.