methane (CH4)

Methane (CH4) is a colorless, odorless gas that is the simplest form of hydrocarbon. It consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. Methane is produced naturally through biological processes in wetlands, rice paddies, and the digestive systems of animals like cows. It is also released from human activities such as fossil fuel extraction, landfills, and agriculture. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, meaning it can trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming. Despite its simplicity, methane plays a significant role in Earth's climate system and energy sectors.