Almohad Caliphate

The Almohad Caliphate was a powerful Islamic empire that emerged in the 12th century, primarily in North Africa and parts of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal). Founded by a religious reformer, Ibn Tumart, it aimed to unify Muslims under strict monotheism and a return to fundamental Islamic principles. The Almohads were known for their architectural achievements, including the famous Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakech, and their influence on philosophy and science. Their rule lasted until the 13th century when they faced challenges from rival kingdoms, ultimately leading to their decline.