The Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was a vast and powerful state that existed from around 1299 to 1922, centered in present-day Turkey. Founded by Osman I, it expanded across Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa at its height, becoming a major center of culture, trade, and politics. The empire was known for its diverse population, sophisticated administration, and architectural achievements like the Hagia Sophia. It played a crucial role in the history of Europe and the Middle East. The empire declined in the 19th century and officially ended after World War I, leading to the establishment of modern Turkey.