Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1795) was a dual state formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It had an elective monarchy, meaning that the king was chosen by nobles rather than inheriting the throne. This system allowed for a variety of candidates, often from powerful families across Europe, but it also led to political instability and foreign influence. The Commonwealth was known for its unique democracy among the nobility, religious tolerance, and cultural achievements, but it ultimately faced challenges that contributed to its decline and partition by neighboring powers in the late 18th century.