philosophical theories

Philosophical theories explore fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and reality. For example, empiricism emphasizes knowledge through sensory experience, while rationalism asserts that reason is the primary source of knowledge. Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their outcomes, promoting the greatest good for the greatest number. Existentialism focuses on individual freedom and meaning in a seemingly indifferent universe. Idealism posits that reality is shaped by our perceptions and ideas, whereas materialism emphasizes the physical world. Each theory offers distinct perspectives on understanding life and guiding human behavior.