normative vs descriptive theories

Normative theories describe how things should be, outlining ideals or standards to guide behavior and decision-making. They provide a framework for what is considered right, just, or optimal in various contexts, such as ethics or economics. In contrast, descriptive theories focus on how things actually are, explaining real-world behaviors, patterns, and outcomes without making judgments. They aim to observe and analyze rather than prescribe. Together, these theories help us understand both the ideals we aspire to and the reality we navigate in everyday life.