neutron moderation

Neutron moderation is a process used in nuclear reactors to slow down fast-moving neutrons. When uranium or other fuels absorb neutrons, it can cause a chain reaction, but only slow neutrons can effectively sustain this reaction. Moderators—materials like water, graphite, or heavy water—collide with fast neutrons, reducing their speed and enabling them to better interact with the fuel. By slowing neutrons down, moderation increases the likelihood of further reactions, which helps maintain a steady energy output in the reactor, making it a crucial component of nuclear power generation.