Mary of Modena

Mary of Modena was an Italian princess born in 1658, who became Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland by marrying King James II in 1673. She was significant for her role during a politically tumultuous time, notably the Glorious Revolution of 1688, when her husband was deposed. Mary became a symbol of Catholic resistance in a predominantly Protestant nation. She gave birth to a son, James Francis Edward, whose legitimacy was disputed, intensifying political conflict. After James II's exile, Mary returned to France, where she remained influential until her death in 1718, representing both royal heritage and religious strife.