James Francis Edward Stuart

James Francis Edward Stuart, often called the "Old Pretender," was the son of King James II of England and Mary of Modena. Born in 1688, he claimed the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland after his father was deposed in the Glorious Revolution. James sought to restore the Stuart monarchy and led uprisings, notably in 1715, but failed to gain significant support. His efforts represented the Jacobite cause, which aimed to reinstate the Catholic Stuarts to the British throne. After his death in 1766, the Jacobite movement gradually declined, but he remains a symbolic figure in British history.