King James III (James Francis Edward Stuart)

James Francis Edward Stuart, known as James III by his supporters, was the son of King James II of England. Born in 1688, he became a claimant to the British throne after his father was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution. Despite several attempts to reclaim the crown, including the Jacobite risings, he never succeeded. Often referred to as "the Old Pretender," he symbolized the hopes of the Jacobite movement, which sought to restore the Stuart monarchy. He spent much of his life in exile, primarily in France and Italy, and died in 1766, leaving a legacy tied to British royal history.