Kidney stone

Kidney stones are hard, pebble-like substances that form in the kidneys from minerals and salts in the urine. They can vary in size and may pass through the urinary tract without causing pain, but larger stones can lead to severe discomfort, blockages, and urinary issues. Common symptoms include sharp pain in the back or side, blood in urine, and frequent urination. Factors that contribute to stone formation include dehydration, dietary choices, and certain medical conditions. Treatment options range from drinking fluids to help pass smaller stones to medical procedures for larger ones.